REVERSE OSMOSIS
The only water purification technology that can hold bacteria, viruses, hormones, chlorine, heavy metals in drinking water.
The most popular and reliable method of water treatment today. Let us consider in detail what it is.
Osmosis (from Greek. Ὄσμος - push pressure) - sided process of diffusion through the semipermeable membrane of the solvent molecules in the direction of a higher concentration of solute the volume with a lower concentration of solute.
First osmosis watched A. Nolle in 1748, but the study of this phenomenon was started a century later.
The water molecule is less than the majority of molecules of dissolved substances. If such a membrane separates the solution and the pure solvent, the solvent concentration is less high in the solution as part of its molecular there substituted on the solute molecule. Consequently, the particle transitions solvent card containing pure solvent into the solution will occur more frequently than in the opposite direction. Accordingly, the volume of the solution will increase (decrease and the concentration of the substance) while the solvent volume will decrease accordingly.
For example, an egg-shell on the inner side adjacent the semipermeable membrane: it skips the molecules of water and retains the molecules of sugar. If such a membrane divided sugar solutions with concentrations of 5 and 10%, respectively, then through it only will take place in both directions of water molecules. As a result, a more dilute solution, the concentration of sugar will rise, and in a more concentrated, conversely, decreases. When the sugar concentration in both solutions will be the same, the balance will come. Solutions have reached equilibrium, called isotonic. If we take steps to concentrations were not changed, an osmotic pressure will reach a constant value when the backflow of water molecules equals Direct.
Excess overpressure above the osmotic may lead to treatment osmosis - reverse diffusion of the solvent.
Osmosis value.
Osmosis plays an important role in many biological processes. The membrane surrounding the cell normal blood, but is permeable to water molecules, oxygen , some of the dissolved nutrients in the blood and cell waste products; for large protein molecules present in a dissolved state within the cell, it is impenetrable. Therefore, proteins are so important for biological processes to remain inside the cell. The phenomenon of osmosis and osmotic pressure plays a huge importance in biological systems, which contain a semipermeable membrane in the form of various tissues, including cell membranes.
Permanent osmosis of water into the cells creates excessive hydrostatic pressure which provides strength and elasticity of tissues, which is called turgor.
Mankind since ancient times, though not understanding the physical meaning, used in the process of osmosis effect salting food. The result is a plasmolysis cells pathogen.
Processes Food digestion, metabolism closely connected with different permeability fabrics for water and other solutes.
Osmotic pressure regains role mechanism that delivers nutrients cells; in the past the tall trees rising to a height of several tens of meters, which corresponds to an osmotic pressure of several tens of atmospheres.
The plant cells are used as osmosis to increase the volume of vacuoles (vacuole - a water storage space) so as to bursting the cell walls ( turgor pressure ). Plant cells do this by storing sucrose. By increasing or decreasing the concentration of sucrose in the cytoplasm, the cells may regulate osmosis. Due to this improved resilience of the plant as a whole. Amended turgor pressure associated with many plants motion (e.g., motion whiskers peas and other climbing plants).
Good video from our US collegues that explains the principles of diffusion and osmosis.
Reverse osmosis.
Reverse osmosis is a process in which by means of pressure forced the solvent (usually water ) to pass through the semipermeable membrane from a more concentrated in the less concentrated solution, i.e. for a reverse osmosis direction. The membrane passes the solvent, but does not pass some substances dissolved in it. This process is used in our filters.
A - the pressure created by the pump
B - water with substances dissolved therein
C - a substance dissolved in water
D - molecular membrane
E - purified water
F - direction of clean water
Reverse osmosis is used with the 1970s in water purification, drinking water from sea water, high pure water for medical, industrial and other uses. With reverse osmosis, it is also possible to produce juice concentrates without heating.
Passes through the filter the water molecule (resolution 0.3 nm *), but does not pass most of the chemical impurities and inclusions of biological origin, particularly microorganisms and viruses (sizes of 20 to 500 nm). For example, the filter can hold bacteria of cholera or viruses hepatitis.
Nano- meter (Russian notation n m; international: nm) - partite unit of length in the International System of Units (SI) equal to one billionth of a meter (i.e. 10-9 m )
For comparison, a water molecule in a large number of times smaller than an apple, how many times less than the apple globe.
Technical realisation:
Industrial reverse osmosis desalination plant usually includes the following equipment: a thin water purification filter reagent preparation system, the high-pressure pump, the unit filter modules, sensors and control devices.
Industrial reverse osmosis components.
Advantages and disadvantages
Advantages and disadvantages result of drinking water by reverse osmosis technology defined features and filtering purposes, which depend primarily on the quality of the original water.
The property is almost completely purified water from all impurities and is treated as an advantage and as a disadvantage. There is no consensus on this point. Proponents of the first approach believe that water does in the body only solvent function, so should be as clean as possible.
Others believe that the water must necessarily be trace elements.
WHO has not set a recommended level of mineralisation of drinking water, which means that one of the most professional of health care organisations in the world can scientifically prove a number of minerals in water, useful for our body.
There is only our own biased view on this level.
But the fact that any of us can say for sure - best to drink purified water from bacteria :)
Modern technologies allow putting all that is necessary for such a clean and even heating of water in a stylish body.
Modern multi-cleaning filters. The main element - a reverse osmosis filter.
The filter requires connection only to electricity, has a water tank 5 litres, and the instant water heating system in 4 Modes.
